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Ranking Universities


      Ranking universities can serve several purposes:
      The primary purpose of ranking world universities
      Several common university ranking systems
      هدف از رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان
      هدف از رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان
      مقایسه نظام‌های رتبه بندی‌های رایج
      Comparison of common rating systems
      Non-Islamic ranking of universities
         4icu.org
         Shanghai Rating System - ARWU
         Times rating system – THE
         QS rating system
         Ranking system of the best universities in US News
         Reitor rating system
         Leiden ranking system
         Performance rating system based on scientific articles in Taiwan - NTU
         Academic research quality rating system by the European Commission
         CHE academic ranking system
         European multi-dimensional ranking system - U-Multirank
         Webometrics ranking
         Quality measurement of learning in higher education - OECD
      Islamic ranking of universities
         Ranking of universities in the Islamic world - ISC
      International Organizations related to universities
         Several international organizations related to universities
         International Union for University
         International Union of University Presidents
         The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP)
         The International Council of Virtual Universities (ICVU)
         Union of Islamic World Universities (UIWU)
         International Union of Universities (IUU):
         Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP):
      Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
         Methodology of Greater China Rankings

Ranking universities can serve several purposes:

Ranking universities can serve several purposes:

  1. Assessment of Quality: University rankings can provide a rough gauge of the quality of education and research provided by different institutions. This is helpful for prospective students, researchers, and employers in evaluating the reputation and caliber of various universities.
  2. Benchmarking and Improvement: Rankings can act as benchmarks for universities to measure their performance against peer institutions. Institutions may use rankings as a tool for self-assessment and to identify areas for improvement in order to enhance their standing.
  3. International Comparison: University rankings facilitate international comparison, enabling students and academics to assess how institutions in different countries fare in terms of academic excellence, research output, and other criteria.
  4. Attracting Talent and Funding: High rankings can enhance a university's ability to attract top talent, including students, faculty, and researchers. They can also influence funding decisions from governments, philanthropic organizations, and private donors.
  5. Promotion and Reputation: Rankings can contribute to a university's reputation and visibility both domestically and internationally. A higher ranking may enhance a university's prestige and attractiveness to prospective students and collaborators.

However, it's important to recognize that university rankings have limitations and should be interpreted with caution. They often rely on subjective criteria, such as surveys, and may not fully capture the diverse missions and strengths of different institutions. Additionally, rankings can sometimes incentivize behaviors that prioritize metrics used in the ranking systems over other important aspects of education and research.

The primary purpose of ranking world universities

The primary purpose of ranking world universities is to provide stakeholders, including students, academics, policymakers, and employers, with a comparative assessment of the quality and performance of higher education institutions globally. Here are some specific purposes:

  1. Informing Student Decisions: Prospective students use university rankings to make informed decisions about where to pursue their education. Rankings can help students identify institutions that align with their academic and career goals.
  2. Facilitating International Collaboration: Researchers and academics often consider university rankings when seeking collaboration opportunities or academic exchange programs. High-ranking universities may attract more interest from international scholars.
  3. Guiding Institutional Strategy: Universities use rankings to benchmark their performance against peer institutions and identify areas for improvement. Rankings can inform strategic planning and resource allocation within universities.
  4. Enhancing Reputation: A high ranking in global university rankings can enhance the reputation of an institution, both nationally and internationally. This can attract top talent, including students, faculty, and researchers, and increase opportunities for collaboration and funding.
  5. Policy Development: Policymakers and government agencies may use university rankings to inform higher education policies, funding decisions, and initiatives aimed at improving the quality and competitiveness of universities within their respective countries.
  6. Promoting Accountability and Transparency: University rankings contribute to transparency and accountability within the higher education sector by providing external assessments of institutional performance based on standardized criteria.

Overall, while university rankings have limitations and should be interpreted with caution, they play a significant role in shaping perceptions, decisions, and strategies within the global higher education landscape.

Several common university ranking systems

Several common university ranking systems are widely recognized and used globally. Some of the most prominent ones include:

  1. QS World University Rankings: Published annually by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), this ranking evaluates universities worldwide based on academic reputation, employer reputation, faculty/student ratio, citations per faculty, international faculty ratio, and international student ratio.
  2. Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE): Produced by Times Higher Education in partnership with data provider Elsevier, this ranking assesses universities across teaching, research, knowledge transfer, and international outlook, using indicators such as teaching quality, research output, industry income, and international collaboration.
  3. Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) or Shanghai Ranking: Compiled by the Center for World-Class Universities at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ARWU primarily focuses on research performance and quality, including indicators such as Nobel Prize and Fields Medal winners among alumni and faculty, highly cited researchers, and publications in top-tier journals.
  4. U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings: This ranking evaluates universities worldwide based on their research performance, global and regional reputation, publications, citations, and international collaboration.
  5. CWTS Leiden Ranking: Developed by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at Leiden University, this ranking focuses on the scientific performance and impact of universities based on bibliometric indicators, including publications, citations, and collaboration.
  6. Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (NTU Ranking): Produced by National Taiwan University, this ranking emphasizes the scientific research performance of universities worldwide, based on indicators such as research productivity, impact, and excellence.

These ranking systems employ various methodologies and criteria to assess universities, leading to differences in rankings across different systems. It's essential for users to understand the methodologies and indicators used by each ranking system and consider their relevance to their specific needs and interests.

هدف از رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان

هدف از رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌های جهان، بررسی کیفیت آموزشی، تحقیقاتی و علمی آنها است. رتبه بندی معیاری برای مقایسه دانشگاه‌های مختلف دنیا با یکدیگر نیز به شمار می‌رود. سایر مزایای رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌های دنیا را با هم ببینیم: 

  1. بالا رفتن شهرت دانشگاه در سطح جهان 
  2. جذب بهترین اساتید و دانشمندان برای همکاری 
  3. پذیرش دانشجویان نخبه و ممتاز
  4. افزایش امکانات و تجهیزات برای حفظ اعتبار و رنکینگ دانشگاه
  5. بالا بودن کیفیت آموزش و تحقیقات
    افزایش همکاری و تبادل علمی با سایر دانشگاه‌های معتبر دنیا
    ایجاد رزومه قوی برای دانشجویان و کسب اعتبار بالا در بازار کار 2

هدف از رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان

  1. شاخصهای رتبه بندی دانشگاههای دنیا
  2. سایت رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان
  3. رنکینگ دانشگاههای جهان در 2023 QS
  4. رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان در تایمز (THE) 
  5. رده بندی دانشگاههای جهان در شانگهای ۲۰۲۳

مقایسه نظام‌های رتبه بندی‌های رایج

براساس گزارش انجمن دانشگاه‌های اروپایی (EUA) روش‌های متفاوتی برای دسته بندی رتبه بندی‌ها وجود دارد. براساس هدف مؤسسات رتبه بندی این نظام‌ها به صورت زیر تقسیم بندی می‌شوند:
 
نظام رتبه بندی شانگهای – ARWU
نظام رتبه بندی تایمز – THE   
نظام رتبه بندی کیو اس – QS  
نظام رتبه بندی بهترین دانشگاه‌ها در US News
نظام رتبه بندی Reitor  
نظام رتبه بندی لایدن – Leiden  
نظام رتبه بندی عملکرد براساس مقالات علمی در تایوان – NTU  
نظام رتبه بندی کیفیت سنجی پژوهش دانشگاهی توسط کمیسیون اروپایی
نظام رتبه بندی دانشگاهی CHE
نظام رتبه بندی چند جانبه اروپایی – U-Multirank
رتبه بندی وبومتریکس – Webometrics 
کیفیت سنجی یادگیری در آموزش عالی – OECD 
رتبه بندی دانشگاههای جهان اسلام - ISC:
لازم به اشاره است که همه دانشگاهها و موسسات آموزشی و پژوهشی در همه این سیستم‌های رتبه بندی وارد نشده اندو لذا جامعه آماری مختلفی دارند هم چنین از انجاییکه هدف گیری نظام‌های رتبه بندی با هم متفاوت است مثلا برخی توجه ویژه به پژوهش و برخی توجه به تعداد رشته‌ها و آمارها دارند که در این خصوص دانشگاههای جامع که تعداد دانشجو و بالتبع ان تعداد مقالات یا رشته‌های بیشتری دارند نسبت به دانشگاههای فنی امتیاز بیشتر‌ی کسب می‌کنند هم چنین در برخی سیستم‌ها با توجه به رشته‌های مورد بررسی توجه بیشتری به برخی رشته‌ها مانند رشته‌های علوم طبیعی، و پزشکی و توجه کمتری به رشته‌های علوم انسانی یا هنر دارد. در برخی نظام‌های رتبه بندی تالیف کتاب اهمیت داشته در حالی که در برخی سیستم‌ها وزن چندانی ندارد. زبان انتشار مقالات هم در نظام‌های رتبه بندی موثر است. نظام‌های مختلف رتبه بندی وزن‌های مختلفی مثلا تا ۴۰ درصد به نظرسنجی از کارفرمایان و همکاران علمی دانشگاه‌ها اختصاص می‌دهند که در نتایج ارزیابی بسیار اثر گذار است. بر اساس تفاوت‌های مود در نظام‌های رتبه بندی و این واقعیت که هریک از این سیستم‌ها بخشی از توانمندی‌های دانشگاه را بهتر توصیف می‌کند دانشگاه صنعتی شریف در چهار نظام رتبه بندی ۱)شانگهای ۲) تایمز ۳)کیو اس ۴) جهان اسلام به ارزیابی خود پرداخته است.

Comparison of common rating systems

Comparing common university rating systems can be insightful for understanding their methodologies, strengths, and limitations. Here's a comparison of some widely recognized rating systems:

Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE):
Methodology: THE rankings assess universities based on teaching, research, citations, industry income, and international outlook. It also conducts reputation surveys among academics and employers.
Strengths: Comprehensive approach, including multiple indicators and international perspectives.
Limitations: Reliance on subjective reputation surveys, which can be influenced by biases.
QS World University Rankings (QS):
Methodology: QS rankings evaluate universities based on academic reputation, employer reputation, faculty/student ratio, citations per faculty, international faculty ratio, and international student ratio.
Strengths: Emphasis on academic and employer reputation, along with other objective indicators.
Limitations: Limited data sources and indicators compared to other rankings.
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) - Shanghai Ranking:
Methodology: ARWU rankings primarily focus on research performance, including measures such as Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals won by alumni and faculty, highly cited researchers, and publications in top journals.
Strengths: Strong emphasis on research output and quality.
Limitations: Limited focus on teaching quality, student experience, and other aspects of university performance.
Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (Webometrics):
Methodology: Webometrics rankings assess universities based on their web presence and impact, including factors such as web traffic, online visibility, and openness of academic content.
Strengths: Unique perspective on universities' digital presence and impact.
Limitations: May not fully capture academic quality or reputation, as it focuses primarily on web-based indicators.
U-Multirank:
Methodology: U-Multirank provides multidimensional rankings based on various indicators, including teaching and learning, research, knowledge transfer, international orientation, and regional engagement.
Strengths: Offers a customizable approach and allows users to compare universities based on specific criteria.
Limitations: Relatively limited recognition and influence compared to other ranking systems.
Each ranking system has its own methodology, strengths, and limitations. Users should consider their specific needs and priorities when using rankings to assess universities, as no single ranking can capture all aspects of university performance. Additionally, it's essential to interpret rankings with caution and consider multiple sources of information when evaluating universities.

Non-Islamic ranking of universities

4icu.org

Both U-Multirank and 4icu.org offer university rankings, but they have different methodologies and focus areas.

  1. U-Multirank:

    • Methodology: U-Multirank is a multidimensional, user-driven university ranking system developed by the European Commission. It evaluates universities based on several dimensions, including teaching and learning, research, knowledge transfer, international orientation, and regional engagement.
    • Customization: U-Multirank allows users to customize rankings based on their preferences and priorities. Users can choose specific indicators and dimensions to create personalized rankings that align with their interests.
    • Transparency: U-Multirank provides detailed information about the indicators used and the data sources, offering transparency and allowing users to understand how rankings are calculated.
    • Comparative Analysis: U-Multirank enables users to compare universities across multiple dimensions and indicators, providing a nuanced view of university performance.
  2. 4icu.org:

    • Methodology: 4icu.org is a commercial directory of higher education institutions worldwide. It ranks universities based on web popularity, primarily by analyzing website traffic and online visibility.
    • Focus on Web Presence: 4icu.org focuses on the online presence and visibility of universities, using web traffic and search engine data to rank institutions. This approach may reflect the popularity of universities based on factors such as website traffic and social media presence.
    • Limited Indicators: Unlike U-Multirank, which considers multiple dimensions of university performance, 4icu.org primarily focuses on web metrics. As a result, its rankings may not provide a comprehensive assessment of university quality.
    • User Ratings: 4icu.org also incorporates user ratings and reviews into its rankings, allowing visitors to the website to contribute their opinions and experiences.

While both U-Multirank and 4icu.org offer university rankings, they serve different purposes and use different methodologies. U-Multirank provides a multidimensional assessment of universities based on various criteria, while 4icu.org focuses more narrowly on web popularity and online presence. Users should consider their specific needs and preferences when consulting these ranking systems.

Shanghai Rating System - ARWU

The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the most influential and widely cited university ranking systems globally. Here's an overview of the Shanghai Ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Quality of Education: ARWU primarily focuses on research performance and quality, with less emphasis on teaching and learning. It uses several indicators to assess the quality of education, including the number of alumni and faculty who have won Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
  2. Research Output: The ranking heavily weighs research output, including the number of publications in top-tier journals such as Nature and Science, as well as the total number of citations received by the publications.
  3. Highly Cited Researchers: ARWU considers the number of highly cited researchers affiliated with each university. Highly cited researchers are those whose work is among the top 1% most cited in their field over a specified period.
  4. Faculty Awards: The presence of faculty members who have won significant awards, such as the Nobel Prize, the Fields Medal, or other prestigious accolades, contributes to a university's ranking.
  5. Size-Independent Performance: ARWU adjusts for the size of the institution by considering various indicators on a per capita basis to ensure that smaller universities are not disadvantaged in the rankings.
  6. Subject Areas: While ARWU does not rank universities by specific subject areas, it does provide rankings for broad academic disciplines, such as natural sciences and mathematics, engineering/technology and computer sciences, life and agricultural sciences, clinical medicine and pharmacy, and social sciences.

Ranking Categories:

ARWU ranks the top 1,000 universities globally, with additional rankings for specific academic disciplines. The rankings are typically released annually and are based on data from several sources, including bibliometric databases such as Web of Science and academic awards databases.

Impact and Criticisms:

The Shanghai Ranking has significant influence and is widely referenced by universities, policymakers, and stakeholders in higher education. However, it has also faced criticism for its heavy emphasis on research output and citations, which may not fully capture the quality of education or other aspects of university performance. Additionally, the focus on prestigious awards and high-impact publications may favor older and more established institutions.

Overall, while the Shanghai Ranking provides valuable insights into the research performance of universities worldwide, users should consider its limitations and supplement their analysis with additional information and perspectives.

Times rating system – THE

The Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings is a highly regarded global ranking system that evaluates universities based on several key performance indicators. Here's an overview of the THE ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Teaching (the learning environment): This indicator evaluates the learning environment of a university, including factors such as the reputation of the institution among academic peers, the ratio of faculty to students, and the number of academic staff with doctoral degrees.
  2. Research (volume, income, and reputation): THE assesses research performance based on factors such as the volume of research output (publications), research income generated by the institution, and the reputation of the research produced, as measured through surveys of academic peers.
  3. Citations (research influence): THE considers the impact of research by analyzing the number of citations received by a university's published research papers. This indicator aims to measure the influence and reach of a university's research output within the academic community.
  4. International Outlook: This indicator assesses the global outlook and engagement of a university, including factors such as the proportion of international students and staff, international collaboration in research, and the extent of the institution's global reputation.
  5. Industry Income (knowledge transfer): THE evaluates the ability of a university to transfer knowledge and technology to industry partners through measures such as research income generated from industry sources and the institution's reputation for knowledge transfer.

Ranking Categories:

THE ranks universities globally and also provides rankings by region, subject area, and specific university missions (such as young universities or universities focused on innovation). The rankings are typically updated annually and are based on data collected from various sources, including surveys of academics, employers, and bibliometric databases.

Impact and Criticisms:

The Times Higher Education World University Rankings are widely respected and influential, serving as a valuable resource for prospective students, academics, policymakers, and university administrators. However, like any ranking system, THE rankings have faced criticism, including concerns about the weighting of certain indicators, the representativeness of survey samples, and the potential for manipulation or gaming of ranking criteria by universities.

Overall, the THE rankings provide valuable insights into the performance and reputation of universities worldwide, but users should consider the methodology and limitations of the ranking system when interpreting the results.

QS rating system

The QS World University Rankings, produced by QS Quacquarelli Symonds, is a prominent global university ranking system that evaluates universities based on several key performance indicators. Here's an overview of the QS ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Academic Reputation: QS assesses the academic reputation of universities by surveying academics around the world. Respondents are asked to identify institutions they perceive to be excellent in their field of expertise.
  2. Employer Reputation: QS surveys employers worldwide to gauge their perception of universities and the quality of graduates they produce. This indicator aims to measure the employability and reputation of graduates from different institutions.
  3. Faculty/Student Ratio: QS considers the ratio of faculty members to students as an indicator of teaching quality and the level of interaction between students and academic staff.
  4. Citations per Faculty: This indicator measures the research impact of universities by analyzing the number of citations received by research papers produced by faculty members. It aims to assess the influence and quality of research output.
  5. International Faculty Ratio: QS evaluates the proportion of international faculty members within universities, reflecting the institution's global outlook and diversity of academic talent.
  6. International Student Ratio: QS assesses the proportion of international students enrolled at universities, reflecting the institution's attractiveness to students from around the world and its ability to provide a diverse learning environment.
  7. Faculty with PhD: QS considers the proportion of faculty members holding doctoral degrees as an indicator of academic expertise and research capability within universities.

Ranking Categories:

QS ranks universities globally and also provides rankings by region, subject area, and specific indicators (such as academic reputation or employer reputation). The rankings are updated annually and are based on data collected from various sources, including surveys of academics and employers, and bibliometric databases.

Impact and Criticisms:

The QS World University Rankings are widely recognized and influential, serving as a valuable resource for students, academics, employers, and policymakers in assessing the performance and reputation of universities globally. However, the rankings have faced criticism regarding the methodology, including concerns about the representativeness of survey samples, the weighting of indicators, and the transparency of data sources.

Overall, while the QS rankings provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of universities worldwide, users should consider the methodology and limitations of the ranking system when interpreting the results.

Ranking system of the best universities in US News

The U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Rankings is a widely recognized and influential ranking system that evaluates universities and colleges in the United States. Here's an overview of the U.S. News ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Academic Reputation: U.S. News surveys university presidents, provosts, and admissions deans to assess the academic reputation of universities. Respondents are asked to rate institutions based on their perceived academic quality.
  2. Faculty Resources: This indicator assesses the resources available to support faculty and student success, including factors such as class size, faculty salary, faculty qualifications, and student-faculty ratio.
  3. Student Selectivity: U.S. News considers the academic profile and selectivity of admitted students, including factors such as acceptance rate, SAT/ACT scores, and high school class rank of enrolled students.
  4. Graduation and Retention Rates: This indicator evaluates the percentage of students who graduate within six years and the retention rate of first-year students, reflecting the effectiveness of academic programs and support services.
  5. Financial Resources: U.S. News assesses the financial resources available to universities, including factors such as per-student spending on instruction, research, and student services.
  6. Alumni Giving: The percentage of alumni who donate to their alma mater is considered as an indicator of alumni satisfaction and engagement with the university.
  7. Graduation Performance: U.S. News calculates a predicted graduation rate for each university based on factors such as student demographics and academic performance, then compares this rate to the actual graduation rate to assess the institution's performance in graduating students.

Ranking Categories:

U.S. News ranks universities and colleges in various categories, including National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities, and Regional Colleges. Additionally, the rankings include specific lists for Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs, Best Undergraduate Business Programs, and other specialized categories.

Impact and Criticisms:

The U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings are highly influential and widely referenced by prospective students, parents, university administrators, and policymakers. However, the rankings have faced criticism for various reasons, including concerns about the methodology, such as the reliance on subjective reputation surveys and the limited scope of factors considered.

Despite criticisms, the U.S. News rankings remain a valuable tool for comparing universities and colleges in the United States, providing insights into academic quality, student outcomes, and institutional resources. Users should consider the methodology and limitations of the rankings when interpreting the results and making decisions.

Reitor rating system

As of my last update in January 2022, I don't have specific information on a ranking system called the "Reitor" rating system for ranking universities. It's possible that this system has been developed or introduced after that time, or it might be a local or regional ranking system that is not widely known.

If the "Reitor" rating system is a new development, I recommend checking for updates from reliable sources within the relevant educational or academic community. You may find information from official announcements, academic publications, or reputable news sources.

If you have specific details or context about the "Reitor" rating system, feel free to share them, and I can try to provide more insights based on that information.

Leiden ranking system

The Leiden Ranking, also known as the CWTS Leiden Ranking, is a university ranking system developed by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Unlike some other university rankings, the Leiden Ranking focuses primarily on the scientific performance and impact of universities worldwide. Here's an overview of the Leiden Ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Bibliometric Indicators: The Leiden Ranking relies on bibliometric indicators derived from data in the Web of Science database. These indicators include the number of scientific publications produced by a university, the number of citations received by those publications, and various measures of citation impact.
  2. Normalization: To account for differences in publication volume and citation practices across academic fields and institutions, the Leiden Ranking uses advanced normalization techniques. This allows for fair comparisons between universities with varying levels of research activity.
  3. Scientific Impact: The primary focus of the Leiden Ranking is on the scientific impact of universities, as measured by citation impact indicators. This includes indicators such as the average number of citations per publication and the proportion of publications in the top 1% most cited.
  4. Openness and Transparency: The Leiden Ranking emphasizes openness and transparency in its methodology. It provides detailed information about the data sources, indicators, and calculation methods used, allowing users to understand and evaluate the ranking results.

Ranking Categories:

The Leiden Ranking provides rankings for individual universities worldwide based on their scientific performance and impact. It ranks universities across various indicators, including overall scientific impact, field-specific impact, collaboration, and open access publishing.

Impact and Criticisms:

The Leiden Ranking is widely regarded as a valuable tool for assessing the research performance and impact of universities globally, particularly in the academic community. Its emphasis on bibliometric indicators and normalization techniques makes it a useful complement to other university rankings that focus on different aspects of institutional performance.

However, like any ranking system, the Leiden Ranking has limitations and may not capture all dimensions of university quality and performance. Users should consider the specific objectives and priorities of their evaluation when interpreting the ranking results.

Overall, the Leiden Ranking provides valuable insights into the scientific contributions and impact of universities worldwide, particularly in the context of research and scholarly activities.

Performance rating system based on scientific articles in Taiwan - NTU

The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, commonly referred to as the NTU Ranking, is developed by the National Taiwan University (NTU). This ranking system evaluates the scientific research performance of universities worldwide based on bibliometric indicators. Here's an overview of the NTU Ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Bibliometric Indicators: The NTU Ranking primarily relies on bibliometric data from the Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science database. It analyzes various indicators related to scientific publications, citations, and research impact.
  2. Research Output: The ranking assesses the quantity of research output by universities, including the total number of scientific papers published in indexed journals.
  3. Research Impact: NTU Ranking evaluates the impact of research by analyzing citation data. It considers indicators such as the number of citations received by scientific papers and the average citation impact per paper.
  4. International Collaboration: The NTU Ranking assesses the extent of international collaboration in research by analyzing co-authorship patterns across countries and institutions.
  5. Subject Field Analysis: The ranking provides separate rankings for different academic disciplines or subject fields, allowing for comparisons within specific areas of research.

Ranking Categories:

The NTU Ranking ranks universities globally based on their scientific research performance. It provides overall rankings as well as rankings by subject fields or academic disciplines. The rankings are updated annually and are based on the latest available bibliometric data.

Impact and Criticisms:

The NTU Ranking is widely recognized and respected within the academic community for its focus on scientific research performance and impact. Its reliance on bibliometric indicators provides objective measures of research output and impact, making it a valuable tool for evaluating the research strengths of universities worldwide.

However, like any ranking system, the NTU Ranking has limitations. It may not fully capture the diversity of research activities or the broader mission of universities beyond scientific research. Additionally, users should be aware of the inherent biases and limitations of bibliometric data when interpreting the ranking results.

Overall, the NTU Ranking serves as a valuable resource for assessing the scientific contributions of universities globally, particularly in the context of research and scholarly activities.

Academic research quality rating system by the European Commission

As of my last update in January 2022, there isn't a specific academic research quality rating system established by the European Commission. However, the European Commission is actively involved in promoting research and innovation through various programs and initiatives, such as Horizon Europe, the European Research Council (ERC), and the European Framework Program for Research and Innovation.

These programs aim to support high-quality research across Europe and beyond, foster collaboration between researchers and institutions, and address societal challenges through scientific inquiry. While the European Commission does not directly administer a rating system for academic research quality, it provides funding and support for research projects and initiatives that demonstrate excellence and contribute to advancing knowledge and innovation.

Additionally, the European Commission supports initiatives to enhance research assessment and evaluation practices, promote open science, and ensure research integrity. These efforts aim to improve the quality, transparency, and effectiveness of research evaluation processes within Europe and globally.

While there may not be a specific rating system established by the European Commission, there are various academic and research organizations, both within Europe and internationally, that develop and implement evaluation frameworks and methodologies to assess research quality and impact. These frameworks often consider factors such as publications, citations, collaborations, and societal relevance when evaluating research outputs and outcomes.

CHE academic ranking system

The Center for Higher Education (CHE) in Germany publishes the CHE University Ranking, which is one of the most well-known and comprehensive ranking systems for higher education institutions in Germany. Here's an overview of the CHE ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Student Surveys: The CHE ranking relies heavily on surveys of students to assess various aspects of university life, including the quality of teaching, facilities, support services, and overall satisfaction with their university experience.
  2. Faculty Surveys: CHE also collects data from faculty members to evaluate aspects such as teaching quality, research output, and collaboration within academic departments.
  3. Third-Party Data: In addition to surveys, CHE incorporates objective data such as graduation rates, student-to-faculty ratios, research funding, and publication output to provide a comprehensive assessment of universities.
  4. Subject-Specific Rankings: CHE provides rankings for specific academic disciplines or subject areas, allowing students to compare universities based on their strengths in particular fields of study.

Ranking Categories:

The CHE University Ranking covers various categories, including overall university rankings, rankings by subject areas, and rankings of specific university departments or programs. The rankings are updated periodically, with new data collected and analyzed to provide up-to-date information for prospective students and researchers.

Impact and Criticisms:

The CHE University Ranking is highly regarded within Germany and is widely used by students, parents, university administrators, and policymakers to evaluate and compare higher education institutions. Its focus on student satisfaction and engagement, along with objective data on academic performance, provides a comprehensive view of university quality.

However, like any ranking system, the CHE ranking has faced criticisms, including concerns about the reliability of student surveys as a measure of educational quality and the potential for bias in the selection of indicators. Additionally, some critics argue that rankings may oversimplify the complexities of higher education and encourage competition at the expense of collaboration.

Overall, the CHE University Ranking serves as a valuable tool for prospective students and researchers in Germany, providing insights into the strengths and weaknesses of universities and helping inform decision-making in higher education.

European multi-dimensional ranking system - U-Multirank

U-Multirank is indeed a multidimensional ranking system for higher education institutions developed by the European Commission. It aims to provide a comprehensive and user-centric approach to ranking universities and colleges across the globe. Here's an overview of U-Multirank:

Methodology:

  1. Multidimensional Approach: U-Multirank evaluates universities based on multiple dimensions, including teaching and learning, research, knowledge transfer, international orientation, and regional engagement. This multidimensional approach allows for a more comprehensive assessment of institutional performance.
  2. Customization: One of the key features of U-Multirank is its customization options. Users can select specific indicators and dimensions that align with their interests and priorities. This allows for personalized rankings tailored to individual preferences.
  3. Data Sources: U-Multirank gathers data from various sources, including institutional submissions, bibliometric databases, national and international surveys, and other publicly available information. This ensures a robust and diverse dataset for analysis.
  4. Transparency: U-Multirank emphasizes transparency in its methodology and data sources. Users can access detailed information about the indicators used, the weighting scheme, and the calculation methodology, allowing for greater understanding and scrutiny of the rankings.
  5. User Engagement: U-Multirank encourages user engagement and feedback. Users can provide input on the relevance and importance of specific indicators, helping to improve the ranking system over time.

Ranking Categories:

U-Multirank provides rankings for individual universities and colleges worldwide. It covers various categories and dimensions, allowing users to compare institutions based on teaching quality, research performance, internationalization efforts, and other criteria.

Impact and Criticisms:

U-Multirank has gained recognition for its multidimensional approach to university rankings and its emphasis on user customization and transparency. It offers a more nuanced and comprehensive assessment of institutional performance compared to traditional rankings that rely solely on reputation or research output.

However, U-Multirank has also faced criticisms, including concerns about the complexity of its methodology and the potential for data limitations or inaccuracies. Some stakeholders argue that the multidimensional approach may make it challenging to interpret and compare rankings effectively.

Overall, U-Multirank provides a valuable tool for students, researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders interested in assessing and comparing higher education institutions worldwide. Its multidimensional approach offers a more holistic view of institutional performance, helping users make informed decisions based on their specific needs and priorities.

Webometrics ranking

Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, also known as Webometrics, is a ranking system developed by the Cybermetrics Lab, a research group belonging to the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the largest public research body in Spain. Here's an overview of the Webometrics ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Web Presence: Webometrics primarily evaluates universities based on their web presence and visibility. It assesses factors such as the size and richness of the university's website, the number of external links to the website, and the presence of academic content and resources online.
  2. Web Impact: Webometrics also considers the impact of universities' web presence by analyzing factors such as web traffic, social media mentions, and online engagement with academic content.
  3. Web Openness: Webometrics promotes the dissemination of academic knowledge and resources online. As such, it values universities that provide open access to research outputs, publications, and educational materials through their websites.
  4. Data Sources: Webometrics collects data from web search engines, web directories, and other sources to assess the online visibility and impact of universities. It uses automated web crawling techniques to gather information about university websites and their online presence.

Ranking Categories:

Webometrics provides rankings for universities worldwide based on their web presence and impact. It ranks universities overall and also provides rankings by country, region, and academic discipline. The rankings are updated regularly, typically every six months, to reflect changes in universities' web presence and impact over time.

Impact and Criticisms:

Webometrics has gained attention for its innovative approach to university rankings, focusing on web-based indicators rather than traditional measures of academic quality or research performance. It provides valuable insights into universities' online visibility and engagement, reflecting their efforts to disseminate knowledge and engage with broader audiences.

However, Webometrics has also faced criticisms, including concerns about the reliability and validity of web-based indicators as measures of academic quality or reputation. Some stakeholders argue that web presence and impact may not fully capture the diversity and complexity of universities' contributions to research, teaching, and society.

Overall, Webometrics offers a unique perspective on university rankings, complementing traditional approaches with web-based indicators of online visibility and impact. While it may not provide a comprehensive assessment of academic quality, it serves as a valuable tool for understanding universities' digital presence and engagement in the digital age.

Quality measurement of learning in higher education - OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducts research and provides insights into various aspects of education, including the quality of learning in higher education. While the OECD doesn't have a specific ranking system for universities, it does engage in assessments and research on education quality using various methodologies. Here's an overview of how the OECD approaches the measurement of learning quality in higher education:

  1. Assessment Tools: The OECD develops assessment tools to measure student learning outcomes and the effectiveness of higher education systems. These tools may include standardized tests, surveys, and assessments designed to evaluate students' knowledge, skills, and competencies in specific subject areas or domains.
  2. Quality Assurance: The OECD supports efforts to enhance quality assurance mechanisms in higher education. This involves promoting best practices in quality assurance and accreditation processes, as well as conducting evaluations of higher education systems to identify areas for improvement.
  3. Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis: The OECD conducts benchmarking and comparative analysis of higher education systems across countries. This may involve comparing learning outcomes, graduation rates, student satisfaction, and other indicators to assess the overall quality and effectiveness of higher education provision.
  4. Policy Recommendations: Based on its research and analysis, the OECD provides policy recommendations to governments and higher education institutions to improve the quality of learning in higher education. These recommendations may focus on areas such as curriculum development, teaching methods, student support services, and the integration of technology in learning.
  5. Data Collection and Reporting: The OECD collects data on various aspects of higher education, including funding, enrollment, completion rates, and employment outcomes. By analyzing and reporting this data, the OECD helps stakeholders understand trends and challenges in higher education quality and make informed policy decisions.

Overall, the OECD's approach to measuring learning quality in higher education is multifaceted and data-driven, focusing on assessments, quality assurance, comparative analysis, policy recommendations, and data collection. Through its efforts, the OECD aims to support the improvement of higher education systems and ensure that students receive high-quality learning experiences that prepare them for success in the workforce and society.

Islamic ranking of universities

As of my last update in January 2022, there isn't a universally recognized "Islamic ranking" of universities. However, there are initiatives and organizations within the Islamic world that focus on evaluating and ranking universities based on specific criteria that align with Islamic values, principles, and educational objectives.

One such initiative is the "Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC)" based in Iran. It has developed the Islamic World University Ranking (IWUR) as part of its efforts to promote scientific research and collaboration within the Islamic world. The IWUR considers factors such as research output, citation impact, international collaboration, and other indicators relevant to academic excellence and Islamic values.

Another example is the "OIC Universities League" organized by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which includes rankings and assessments of universities from member countries based on various criteria, including academic reputation, research output, and innovation.

It's worth noting that these rankings may have a specific focus on universities within the Islamic world or those that adhere to Islamic principles, but they are not the only rankings available. Many universities in predominantly Muslim countries are also ranked by global ranking systems such as QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and others, which use more general criteria to assess universities worldwide.

As with any ranking system, users should consider the methodology, criteria, and objectives of Islamic ranking systems when interpreting the results and making decisions. Additionally, rankings should be used as one of many factors in evaluating universities, alongside considerations such as academic programs, faculty expertise, facilities, and student support services.

Ranking of universities in the Islamic world - ISC

The Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) is an organization based in Iran that aims to promote scientific research and collaboration within the Islamic world. As part of its efforts, ISC has developed the Islamic World University Ranking (IWUR), which evaluates universities based on various criteria relevant to academic excellence and Islamic values. Here's an overview of the ISC's ranking system:

Methodology:

  1. Research Output: ISC assesses universities based on their research output, including the number of publications produced by faculty members, the quality of journals where these publications appear, and the citation impact of research output.
  2. Citation Impact: The ranking considers the citation impact of universities' research output, reflecting the influence and visibility of their scholarly work within the academic community.
  3. International Collaboration: ISC evaluates universities based on their level of international collaboration in research, including co-authorship with researchers from other countries and participation in international research projects.
  4. Subject Areas: The ranking provides rankings for universities in specific academic disciplines or subject areas, allowing for comparisons within specific fields of study.
  5. Islamic Values: While not explicitly stated in the methodology, it can be inferred that ISC's ranking may also consider factors related to Islamic values and principles, such as contributions to Islamic studies, engagement with Islamic ethics, and adherence to Islamic norms in research and education.

Ranking Categories:

ISC's Islamic World University Ranking (IWUR) provides rankings for universities in the Islamic world based on the criteria mentioned above. It covers universities from countries with significant Muslim populations, including those in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Impact and Criticisms:

ISC's ranking system serves as a valuable tool for assessing the research performance and impact of universities within the Islamic world. By focusing on criteria relevant to academic excellence and Islamic values, the ranking aims to promote collaboration and excellence in research and education among universities in Muslim-majority countries.

However, like any ranking system, ISC's ranking may have limitations and criticisms. These may include concerns about the methodology, data quality, transparency, and the weighting of different criteria. Users should consider these factors when interpreting the results and making decisions based on the rankings.

Overall, ISC's Islamic World University Ranking contributes to the visibility and recognition of universities within the Islamic world and provides valuable insights for stakeholders interested in higher education in Muslim-majority countries.

International Organizations related to universities

It seems you're interested in international organizations related to universities or higher education. While there isn't a specific entity known as the "International Union for University," there are several international associations and unions that focus on higher education, university leadership, and collaboration among universities worldwide. Here are a few prominent ones:

  1. International Association of Universities (IAU): The IAU is a global association of higher education institutions and organizations. It serves as a forum for university leaders to discuss current issues, share best practices, and advocate for higher education worldwide.
  2. Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU): The ACU is a network of universities from Commonwealth countries. It promotes collaboration and cooperation among member institutions, facilitates academic exchanges, and advocates for the value of higher education.
  3. Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP): AUAP fosters understanding, partnership, and solidarity among universities and higher education institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. It promotes academic and cultural exchange, collaborative research, and capacity-building initiatives.
  4. European University Association (EUA): The EUA represents universities and national rectors' conferences in 48 European countries. It advocates for higher education policies, facilitates collaboration among universities, and supports the development of European higher education.
  5. Association of Arab Universities (AARU): AARU is a regional organization that promotes cooperation and collaboration among universities in Arab countries. It facilitates academic exchanges, supports research collaboration, and advocates for higher education development in the Arab world.
  6. Association of African Universities (AAU): AAU is a continental organization that represents universities in Africa. It promotes cooperation among African universities, advocates for higher education policies, and supports capacity building and development initiatives.

These are just a few examples of international associations and unions that focus on higher education. Each organization has its own mission, objectives, and activities aimed at advancing the cause of higher education globally.

Several international organizations related to universities

It seems you've listed several international organizations related to universities and higher education. Here's a brief overview of each:

  1. International Union of University Presidents (IUUP): As of my last update, there isn't an organization widely known by this name. However, the International Association of University Presidents (IAUP) is a global association of university leaders that serves as a forum for discussion, collaboration, and advocacy in higher education.
  2. International Council of Virtual Universities (ICVU): The International Council of Virtual Universities is a global network of universities and institutions that offer online education. It promotes collaboration and quality assurance in virtual higher education and advocates for the use of technology to expand access to education.
  3. Union of Islamic World Universities (UIWU): The Union of Islamic World Universities is an organization that fosters cooperation and collaboration among universities in the Islamic world. It promotes academic exchange, collaborative research, and capacity-building initiatives among member institutions.
  4. International Union of Universities (IUU): As of my last update, there isn't an organization widely known by this name. However, the International Association of Universities (IAU) is a global association of higher education institutions that promotes international cooperation and exchange in higher education.
  5. Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP): The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific is a regional association of universities in Asia and the Pacific. It promotes cooperation and collaboration among member institutions, facilitates academic exchange, and advocates for higher education development in the region.

Each of these organizations plays a unique role in advancing higher education and fostering collaboration among universities worldwide.

International Union for University

As of my last update in January 2022, there isn't a widely recognized organization called the "International Union for University" (IUU). It's possible that you may be referring to a specific organization with a similar name or an organization that operates under a different name.

However, there are several international organizations and associations that focus on higher education, university leadership, and collaboration among universities worldwide. These organizations may bring together university leaders, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders to address common challenges, promote cooperation, and advocate for the role of higher education in society.

One example is the International Association of University Presidents (IAUP), which I mentioned in the previous response. The IAUP is a global association of university presidents and rectors that aims to promote cooperation and collaboration among universities and advance the cause of higher education worldwide.

If you have more specific information about the "International Union for University" or if you're referring to a different organization, please provide additional details, and I'll do my best to assist you further.

International Union of University Presidents

As of my last update in January 2022, there isn't a specific "International Union of University Presidents" (IUUP) that is widely recognized or established. However, there are organizations and associations that bring together university leaders from around the world to exchange ideas, collaborate on common challenges, and advocate for higher education. One such organization is the International Association of University Presidents (IAUP).

International Association of University Presidents (IAUP): The IAUP is a global association of university presidents and rectors from institutions of higher education around the world. Founded in 1964, IAUP aims to promote cooperation and collaboration among universities and advance the cause of higher education worldwide. It provides a platform for university leaders to discuss common issues, share best practices, and advocate for the role of universities in addressing global challenges.

Activities of IAUP:

  1. Conferences and Meetings: IAUP organizes conferences, seminars, and meetings where university leaders can come together to discuss current issues in higher education, share experiences, and explore opportunities for collaboration.
  2. Advocacy and Networking: IAUP provides a network for university leaders to connect with peers from around the world, fostering collaboration and partnerships between institutions and facilitating academic exchanges and joint research initiatives.
  3. Research and Publications: IAUP conducts research and publishes reports and publications on topics relevant to higher education, including trends in university governance, internationalization, and the role of universities in addressing global challenges.
  4. Advocacy and Representation: IAUP advocates for the interests of universities and higher education globally, representing the views and concerns of university leaders in international forums and policy discussions.

While the specific activities and impact of the International Association of University Presidents may vary, it serves as an important platform for university leaders to engage with their counterparts from around the world and work together to advance the cause of higher education.

The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP)

The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP) is a regional organization that promotes cooperation and collaboration among universities and institutions of higher education in Asia and the Pacific region. Here's an overview of AUAP:

Mission and Objectives: AUAP aims to foster understanding, partnership, and solidarity among universities and higher education institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Its objectives include:

  1. Promoting academic and cultural exchange among member institutions.
  2. Facilitating collaborative research and development projects.
  3. Enhancing the quality of higher education and academic programs.
  4. Supporting capacity-building initiatives for member institutions.
  5. Advocating for the role of higher education in addressing regional and global challenges.

Activities and Programs: AUAP organizes various activities and programs to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Conferences and Seminars: AUAP hosts conferences, seminars, and workshops where university leaders, administrators, and academics can exchange ideas, share best practices, and discuss issues relevant to higher education in the region.
  2. Student and Faculty Exchange: AUAP facilitates student and faculty exchange programs among member institutions, promoting international mobility and collaboration in education and research.
  3. Research and Development: AUAP supports collaborative research and development initiatives among member institutions, fostering innovation and knowledge creation in areas of mutual interest.
  4. Capacity Building: AUAP offers training programs, workshops, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the quality of teaching, research, and administration in member institutions.
  5. Advocacy and Networking: AUAP advocates for the interests of higher education in the Asia-Pacific region and provides a platform for networking and collaboration among universities, policymakers, and other stakeholders.

Membership: AUAP membership is open to universities, higher education institutions, and organizations in Asia and the Pacific region. Member institutions benefit from networking opportunities, access to AUAP's programs and resources, and participation in regional initiatives to promote higher education excellence and cooperation.

Overall, the Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific plays a significant role in fostering cooperation and collaboration among universities in the region, contributing to the advancement of higher education and research in Asia and the Pacific.

The International Council of Virtual Universities (ICVU)

The International Council of Virtual Universities (ICVU) is a global network of universities and institutions that are engaged in online and distance education. It serves as a platform for collaboration, sharing best practices, and promoting the quality and effectiveness of virtual higher education. Here's an overview of the ICVU:

Mission and Objectives: The ICVU's mission is to advance the field of virtual higher education by fostering collaboration among institutions, promoting innovation and quality assurance, and advocating for the recognition and value of online learning. Its objectives include:

  1. Facilitating collaboration and networking among virtual universities and institutions offering online education.
  2. Sharing best practices and experiences in the development and delivery of online courses and programs.
  3. Promoting research and development in online education, including innovative pedagogical approaches, technologies, and methodologies.
  4. Advocating for policies and practices that support the quality, accessibility, and affordability of virtual higher education.
  5. Enhancing the recognition and accreditation of online degrees and qualifications.

Activities and Programs: The ICVU organizes various activities and programs to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Conferences and Workshops: ICVU hosts conferences, seminars, and workshops where stakeholders in virtual higher education can come together to discuss current issues, share experiences, and explore opportunities for collaboration.
  2. Research and Publications: ICVU supports research and publication initiatives in the field of online education, including academic journals, reports, and studies that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and practice.
  3. Quality Assurance and Accreditation: ICVU promotes quality assurance and accreditation standards for online education and provides guidance and support to institutions seeking to enhance the quality of their online programs.
  4. Capacity Building: ICVU offers training programs, webinars, and resources to help institutions develop and improve their online teaching and learning capabilities.
  5. Advocacy and Policy Development: ICVU advocates for policies and practices that support the growth and sustainability of virtual higher education, including recognition of online degrees and qualifications by regulatory bodies and employers.

Membership: ICVU's membership is open to universities, colleges, and institutions that offer online education or are interested in advancing the field of virtual higher education. Member institutions benefit from networking opportunities, access to ICVU's programs and resources, and participation in collaborative initiatives.

Overall, the International Council of Virtual Universities plays a vital role in promoting collaboration, innovation, and quality assurance in online education, contributing to the advancement of virtual higher education globally.

Union of Islamic World Universities (UIWU)

The Union of Islamic World Universities (UIWU) is an international organization that aims to foster collaboration and cooperation among universities and higher education institutions across the Islamic world. Here's an overview of UIWU:

Mission and Objectives: UIWU's mission is to strengthen ties and cooperation among universities in the Islamic world to advance higher education, research, and innovation. Its objectives include:

  1. Facilitating academic and cultural exchange among member institutions.
  2. Promoting collaborative research and development initiatives.
  3. Supporting capacity-building and quality enhancement in higher education.
  4. Advocating for the role of universities in addressing societal challenges and contributing to sustainable development.
  5. Fostering understanding and dialogue among diverse cultures and civilizations.

Activities and Programs: UIWU organizes various activities and programs to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Conferences and Seminars: UIWU hosts conferences, seminars, and workshops where university leaders, scholars, and researchers can exchange ideas, share best practices, and discuss issues relevant to higher education in the Islamic world.
  2. Student and Faculty Exchange: UIWU facilitates student and faculty exchange programs among member institutions, promoting international mobility and collaboration in education and research.
  3. Research and Development: UIWU supports collaborative research and development initiatives among member universities, fostering innovation and knowledge creation in areas of mutual interest.
  4. Capacity Building: UIWU offers training programs, workshops, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the quality of teaching, research, and administration in member institutions.
  5. Advocacy and Networking: UIWU advocates for the interests of higher education in the Islamic world and provides a platform for networking and collaboration among universities, policymakers, and other stakeholders.

Membership: UIWU's membership is open to universities and higher education institutions in the Islamic world. Member institutions benefit from networking opportunities, access to UIWU's programs and resources, and participation in regional and international initiatives to promote higher education excellence and cooperation.

Overall, the Union of Islamic World Universities plays a significant role in fostering collaboration and solidarity among universities in the Islamic world, contributing to the advancement of higher education, research, and innovation in the region.

International Union of Universities (IUU):

As of my last update in January 2022, there isn't an organization widely recognized by the name "International Union of Universities" (IUU). However, there are several international organizations related to higher education that may have similar objectives or names. One such organization is the International Association of Universities (IAU), which is a global association of higher education institutions and organizations.

International Association of Universities (IAU): The IAU is a membership-based organization that serves as a global voice for higher education. It brings together universities, higher education associations, and other stakeholders to promote international cooperation, enhance the quality and relevance of higher education, and advocate for the value of higher education in addressing global challenges.

Mission and Objectives: The IAU's mission is to advance higher education worldwide and contribute to the development of a peaceful, equitable, and sustainable society. Its objectives include:

  1. Promoting international cooperation and collaboration among universities and higher education institutions.
  2. Advocating for the importance of higher education in achieving sustainable development goals and addressing global challenges.
  3. Supporting capacity-building initiatives and quality enhancement in higher education.
  4. Facilitating the exchange of knowledge, expertise, and best practices among member institutions.
  5. Providing a platform for dialogue, networking, and partnership among higher education stakeholders worldwide.

Activities and Programs: The IAU organizes various activities and programs to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Conferences, Workshops, and Webinars: IAU hosts events where university leaders, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders can exchange ideas, share best practices, and discuss emerging trends and challenges in higher education.
  2. Research and Publications: IAU conducts research and publishes reports, policy papers, and other publications on topics relevant to higher education, including internationalization, quality assurance, and higher education policy.
  3. Capacity Building and Training: IAU offers training programs, workshops, and capacity-building initiatives to support the professional development of university leaders, administrators, and staff.
  4. Advocacy and Policy Development: IAU advocates for policies and practices that support the role and contribution of higher education to society, including advocating for academic freedom, institutional autonomy, and the recognition of qualifications.

Membership: The IAU's membership includes universities, higher education associations, and other organizations from around the world. Member institutions benefit from networking opportunities, access to IAU's programs and resources, and participation in initiatives to advance higher education globally.

Overall, while there isn't an organization specifically known as the International Union of Universities, the International Association of Universities (IAU) serves as a prominent global association that represents the interests of higher education institutions worldwide.

Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP):

The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP) is a regional organization that fosters collaboration and cooperation among universities and higher education institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Here's an overview of AUAP:

Mission and Objectives: AUAP's mission is to promote understanding, partnership, and solidarity among universities in the Asia-Pacific region and contribute to the advancement of higher education, research, and innovation. Its objectives include:

  1. Facilitating academic and cultural exchange among member institutions.
  2. Promoting collaborative research and development initiatives.
  3. Supporting capacity-building and quality enhancement in higher education.
  4. Advocating for the role of universities in addressing regional and global challenges.
  5. Fostering understanding and dialogue among diverse cultures and civilizations.

Activities and Programs: AUAP organizes various activities and programs to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Conferences and Seminars: AUAP hosts conferences, seminars, and workshops where university leaders, scholars, and researchers can exchange ideas, share best practices, and discuss issues relevant to higher education in the Asia-Pacific region.
  2. Student and Faculty Exchange: AUAP facilitates student and faculty exchange programs among member institutions, promoting international mobility and collaboration in education and research.
  3. Research and Development: AUAP supports collaborative research and development initiatives among member universities, fostering innovation and knowledge creation in areas of mutual interest.
  4. Capacity Building: AUAP offers training programs, workshops, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the quality of teaching, research, and administration in member institutions.
  5. Advocacy and Networking: AUAP advocates for the interests of higher education in the Asia-Pacific region and provides a platform for networking and collaboration among universities, policymakers, and other stakeholders.

Membership: AUAP's membership is open to universities and higher education institutions in the Asia-Pacific region. Member institutions benefit from networking opportunities, access to AUAP's programs and resources, and participation in regional initiatives to promote higher education excellence and cooperation.

Overall, the Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific plays a significant role in fostering collaboration and partnership among universities in the region, contributing to the advancement of higher education, research, and innovation in Asia and the Pacific.

Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

The Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO) is a specialized organization of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Here's an overview:

Mission and Objectives: ICESCO's mission is to promote education, science, culture, and communication among member states and Muslim communities worldwide. Its objectives include:

  1. Fostering cooperation and solidarity among member states in the fields of education, science, and culture.
  2. Promoting Islamic values, heritage, and civilization.
  3. Enhancing educational systems and curricula to meet contemporary challenges.
  4. Facilitating scientific research and innovation.
  5. Supporting cultural exchange and dialogue among civilizations.

Activities and Programs: ICESCO implements various programs and initiatives to achieve its objectives, including:

  1. Education: ICESCO supports initiatives to improve access to quality education, enhance teacher training, and promote literacy and lifelong learning.
  2. Science and Technology: ICESCO promotes scientific research, innovation, and technology transfer among member states. It supports research projects, capacity building, and cooperation in priority areas of science and technology.
  3. Culture and Heritage: ICESCO works to preserve and promote Islamic culture, heritage, and languages. It supports cultural exchange, heritage preservation projects, and initiatives to promote cultural diversity and dialogue.
  4. Communication and Media: ICESCO fosters communication and media cooperation among member states. It supports initiatives to promote responsible journalism, media literacy, and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development.

Membership: ICESCO's membership includes 54 member states, representing a diverse range of countries with significant Muslim populations. It also collaborates with international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders to achieve its goals.

Impact and Influence: ICESCO plays a significant role in promoting education, science, culture, and communication among member states and Muslim communities worldwide. It provides a platform for cooperation and collaboration in key areas of development and contributes to the advancement of Islamic values, heritage, and civilization.

Overall, the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO) serves as an important platform for cooperation and solidarity among member states and Muslim communities, promoting education, science, culture, and communication in the Islamic world and beyond.

Methodology of Greater China Rankings

Methodology of Greater China Rankings
Criterion Indicator Weight
Education Percentage of graduate students 5%
Percentage of non-local students 5%
Ratio of academic staff to students 5%
Doctoral degrees awarded 10%
Alumni as Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists 10%
Research Annual research income 5%
Nature & Science Papers 10%
SCIE & SSCI papers 10%
International patents 10%
Faculty Percentage of academic staff with a doctoral degree 5%
Staff as Nobel Laureates and Fields Medalists 10%
Highly cited researchers 10%
Resources Annual budget

5%


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