Inferential statistics and probability

Base Types انواع

string str "One\nTwo" رشته‌ای

integer int عددی

float numeric values with floating decimal points. اعشار

boolean bool True False

Container Types انواع کانتینر

list[1,5,9] فهرست

dictionary dict {"key":"value"}   واژه نامه
{1:"one",3:"three",2:"two",3.14:"π"}

collection set {"key1","key2"} مجموعه
 {1,9,3,0}

    List is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.
    Tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate members.
    Set is a collection which is unordered, unchangeable*, and unindexed. No duplicate members.
    Dictionary is a collection which is ordered** and changeable. No duplicate members.

Conversions  تبدیل 

int("15") → 15

list("abc") → ['a','b','c']
dict([(3,"three"),(1,"one")]) → {1:'one',3:'three'}
set(["one","two"]) → {'one','two'}

if bool(x)==True: ⇔ if x:
if bool(x)==False:⇔ if not x:

if age<=18:
state="Kid"
elif age>65:
state="Retired"
else:
state="Active"

Integer Sequences

range([start,] end [,step])

range(5)→ 0 1 2 3 4

range(3,8)→ 3 4 5 6 7

range(len(seq))→ sequence of index of values in seq

for var in sequence:

for x in range(5):
print(x)

Operations on Lists عملیات روی لیست‌ها

lst.append(val) add item at end
lst.extend(seq) add sequence of items at end
lst.insert(idx,val) insert item at index
lst.remove(val) remove first item with value val
lst.pop([idx])→value remove & return item at index idx (default last)
lst.sort() lst.reverse() sort / reverse liste in place

Operations on Sets

Operators:
| → union (vertical bar char)
& → intersection
- ^ → difference/symmetric diff.
< <= > >= → inclusion relations
Operators also exist as methods.

s.update(s2) s.copy()
s.add(key) s.remove(key)
s.discard(key) s.clear()
s.pop()